Subchondral cysts, also known as subchondral bone cysts or geodes, are fluid-filled sacs that develop just below the cartilage surface of a joint. They typically form in the subchondral bone, which is the layer of bone that lies beneath the articular cartilage. Subchondral cysts can occur in various joints, including the knee, hip, shoulder, ankle, and wrist.
These cysts can develop as a result of degenerative changes associated with conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and other joint diseases. The exact cause of subchondral cyst formation is still not fully understood. However, it is believed that increased pressure within the joint, altered joint biomechanics, abnormal cartilage metabolism, and trauma to the joint surface can contribute to their development.
Subchondral cysts are typically asymptomatic and may be discovered incidentally during imaging tests performed for other reasons. However, when symptoms do occur, they can include joint pain, swelling, limited range of motion, and discomfort with weight-bearing activities.
Treatment options for subchondral cysts depend on the severity of symptoms and their impact on daily activities. Conservative treatment measures may include rest, activity modification, physical therapy, pain medications, and corticosteroid injections. In cases of persistent or severe symptoms, surgical interventions such as joint debridement, cyst drainage, cyst curettage, or joint replacement may be considered.
Overall, subchondral cysts are an abnormality observed in joint diseases and may be managed through a combination of non-surgical and surgical approaches to alleviate symptoms and restore joint function.
