The spelling of the word "stuttering" contains several phonemes that can be confusing. The first sound, /st/, is a voiceless alveolar stop, followed by a vowel sound /ʌ/. Then comes the tricky cluster /tt/, which represents a voiceless alveolar stop, followed by another /ʌ/ sound. The final sound, /ɹɪŋ/, is a voiced alveolar approximant followed by an /ɪ/ sound and a nasal /ŋ/. The phonetic spelling is /ˈstʌtərɪŋ/. Despite its difficult spelling, stuttering is a common speech disorder affecting millions of people worldwide.
Stuttering, also known as stammering, is a speech disorder characterized by difficulties in fluently articulating words or sounds. It involves an involuntary disruption in the normal flow of speech, resulting in repetitions, prolongations, or blocks in the production of sounds, syllables, or words. Stuttering may affect the rhythm and pace of speech, causing interruptions or hesitations that can impair effective communication.
The exact cause of stuttering is unknown, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic, neurological, and environmental factors. It often emerges in childhood during language development, typically between the ages of 2 to 6, but can persist into adulthood. Stuttering can vary in severity and manifest differently among individuals. Some may experience mild stuttering that is easily manageable, while others may struggle with severe stuttering, causing significant distress and hindering daily interactions.
Stuttering can have various psychosocial impacts, including decreased self-esteem, social anxiety, and difficulties in academic or professional settings. Individuals who stutter may develop avoidance behaviors, such as avoiding certain words or speaking situations, as a means to cope with their speech difficulties.
Treatment options for stuttering include speech therapy, which aims to improve fluency, enhance coping strategies, and reduce anxiety associated with stuttering. Techniques like controlled breathing, slow and deliberate speech, and desensitization to feared speaking situations are commonly employed. Additionally, support groups and counseling may be beneficial in addressing the emotional and psychological aspects of living with stuttering.
A spasmodic speech disorder in which certain words are enunciated with difficulty through inability, as it were, to pass the initial consonant; distinguished from the hesitating form of stammering which is not due to spasm but to faulty innervation or to psychic causes.
A practical medical dictionary. By Stedman, Thomas Lathrop. Published 1920.
• Hesitating; stammering.
• Act of stammering.
Etymological and pronouncing dictionary of the English language. By Stormonth, James, Phelp, P. H. Published 1874.
* The statistics data for these misspellings percentages are collected from over 15,411,110 spell check sessions on www.spellchecker.net from Jan 2010 - Jun 2012.
The word "stuttering" is derived from the Middle English term "stoteren", which meant "to stutter" or "to stumble". This Middle English term itself came from the Old English word "stoterian", which carried a similar meaning. The root of the word can be traced back to the Proto-Germanic word "*stutōną", meaning "to strike" or "to stumble".