Strychnism refers to the condition or state of poisoning or intoxication caused by the ingestion or exposure to strychnine, a highly toxic alkaloid derived from the seeds of the Strychnos nux-vomica tree. Strychnism is characterized by a wide range of severe symptoms affecting different bodily systems.
In cases of strychnism, the central nervous system is primarily affected. Strychnine acts as a powerful neurotoxin, blocking the inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine in the spinal cord and brain, leading to uncontrolled muscle contractions and spasms. These spasms are often intense and can start abruptly, causing the body to arch backwards, resembling a bow. Associated symptoms encompass muscle stiffness, twitching, tremors, facial grimacing, and rigidity, among others.
Other manifestations of strychnism may include sweating, increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, breathing difficulties, fear, restlessness, and anxiety. Severe cases can progress to convulsions and respiratory failure, potentially leading to death if not treated promptly.
Due to the dangerous nature of strychnine poisoning, immediate medical attention is critical. Treatment usually involves supportive care to address respiratory distress, seizures, and muscle spasms. Activated charcoal may also be administered to help absorb any remaining strychnine in the gastrointestinal tract. In some cases, muscle relaxants and benzodiazepines may be used to manage the symptoms and prevent further convulsions.
Since strychnine is highly toxic, it is crucial to prevent accidental or intentional exposure to this substance. Strychnism is a rare medical condition today, largely due to the strict regulation and restricted access to strychnine-containing products.
