STRUCTURAL ISOMER Meaning and
Definition
-
Structural isomer refers to a type of isomerism where compounds have the same molecular formula but differ in the arrangement or connectivity of the atoms within the molecule. It is characterized by distinct structural arrangements that generate diverse chemical and physical properties despite having the same number and type of atoms.
In structural isomers, the atoms are linked in different ways, giving rise to distinct functional groups within the molecule, which can greatly influence its behavior and reactivity. These variations in connectivity can lead to differences in molecular shape, bond lengths, bond angles, and overall molecular polarity.
Structural isomers can be categorized into various types, such as chain isomers, functional group isomers, position isomers, tautomers, and ring-chain isomers. Chain isomers are characterized by the different arrangements of carbon chains within the molecule, while functional group isomers have different functional groups attached to the same carbon skeleton. Position isomers vary with the location of a functional group or substituent on the carbon skeleton. Tautomers exist in equilibrium between two different constitutional isomers due to rapid proton shifts. Ring-chain isomers form when a compound can exist both in a cyclic and acyclic form.
Structural isomerism is significant in fields like organic chemistry, as it affects the properties and behavior of compounds, including biological activity, solubility, boiling points, and chemical reactivity. Understanding structural isomers is crucial in the design and synthesis of drugs, polymers, and other complex organic molecules, allowing scientists and researchers to manipulate molecular structures to achieve desired properties and applications.
Etymology of STRUCTURAL ISOMER
The word "structural" comes from the Latin word "structura", meaning "a fitting together" or "arrangement". "Isomer" is derived from the Greek word "isomeros", which combines "iso" (meaning "equal") and "meros" (meaning "part").
