Strongyloidiases is a medical condition caused by an infection with Strongyloides stercoralis, a species of parasitic worms known as roundworms or nematodes. It is most commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in areas with poor sanitation and hygiene practices.
The infection occurs when the larvae of the Strongyloides stercoralis worms penetrate the human skin, usually through bare feet, and migrate through the bloodstream to the lungs. From there, they travel to the upper digestive tract, where they mature into adult worms. These adult worms reside within the small intestine, where they reproduce and lay eggs.
The symptoms of strongyloidiases can vary greatly, ranging from asymptomatic to severe and life-threatening. Common symptoms include itching and a rash at the site of entry, cough, wheezing, abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and anemia. In severe cases, the infection can progress to a condition called hyperinfection syndrome, which can lead to respiratory failure, sepsis, and death.
Diagnosis of strongyloidiases can be challenging, as the symptoms can mimic other illnesses and laboratory tests may not always detect the presence of the parasites. However, microscopic examination of stool samples or special techniques like serological tests can help confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment for strongyloidiases usually involves the use of oral medications, such as ivermectin or albendazole, to kill the worms. Additional measures, such as good personal hygiene and wearing shoes to prevent re-infection, are also important for preventing the spread of the disease.
