Strongyloid is a genus of parasitic nematodes belonging to the family Strongyloididae. These small, thread-like worms are mostly found in the intestines of various mammals, including humans. They are commonly referred to as strongyloids or threadworms due to their elongated shape.
Strongyloids are known for their unique lifecycle, which involves both free-living and parasitic stages. The adults primarily reside in the small intestine, where they reproduce and lay eggs. The eggs then pass out of the host's body through feces. In favorable conditions, the eggs hatch in the environment and develop into infective larvae.
The infective larvae are the form of strongyloids that can cause infection when they come into contact with a suitable host. These larvae can penetrate the skin, migrate through the bloodstream, and eventually reach the lungs, where they may cause respiratory symptoms such as coughing. From the lungs, they move up to the throat and are swallowed, ultimately reaching the small intestine. Once in the intestine, they mature into adult worms, completing the life cycle.
In humans, strongyloid infections can occur through direct skin contact with contaminated soil or through ingestion of food or water contaminated with the infective larvae. Symptoms of strongyloidiasis vary widely, ranging from mild abdominal discomfort and diarrhea to more severe complications, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
Treatment for strongyloid infections often involves anthelmintic medication such as ivermectin or albendazole, which kills the adult worms and helps resolve the infection. Preventive measures include maintaining good personal hygiene, avoiding contact with contaminated soil, and utilizing proper sanitation practices.
