Streptozotocin, also known by its chemical formula STZ, is a naturally occurring compound that belongs to the class of drugs called alkylating agents. It is primarily used in the field of oncology as an antineoplastic agent, meaning it is employed in the treatment of various types of cancers.
Streptozotocin works by interfering with the DNA replication process in rapidly dividing cells. It does so by attaching an alkyl group to the DNA strand, leading to DNA damage and ultimately cell death. This mechanism of action makes it effective against cancer cells, as they typically divide at a faster pace than normal cells.
The drug has been particularly successful in the treatment of certain types of pancreatic islet cell cancer, also known as pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. It is often administered intravenously in a hospital or clinical setting and may be combined with other chemotherapy drugs to maximize its effectiveness.
Streptozotocin does have potential side effects and precautions, including gastrointestinal disturbances, kidney damage, and lowered blood cell counts. It can also be harmful to the reproductive system and therefore requires careful monitoring and dosing by healthcare professionals.
In conclusion, streptozotocin is an alkylating agent used in cancer therapy that acts by damaging DNA in rapidly dividing cells. Its primary use is in the treatment of pancreatic islet cell cancer, but it may also be used in conjunction with other chemotherapy drugs for other cancer types.
