Streptococcus Group B, also known as Streptococcus agalactiae, is a type of bacteria that commonly resides in the human body, particularly in the gastrointestinal and genital tracts. It is a gram-positive bacterium, meaning it retains a purple color when stained with crystal violet dye under a microscope. Streptococcus Group B is considered a normal part of the microbiota in many individuals, causing no harm or symptoms. However, in certain cases, it can cause various infections, especially in vulnerable populations such as newborns, the elderly, and individuals with weakened immune systems.
Streptococcus Group B is an opportunistic pathogen, meaning it takes advantage of weakened host defenses to cause infections. In newborns, it can cause serious illness such as meningitis (inflammation of the protective membranes around the brain and spinal cord), sepsis (systemic infection), and pneumonia. In adults, it is associated with urinary tract infections, bloodstream infections, pneumonia, and skin and soft tissue infections.
The bacterium is typically transmitted from mother to child during childbirth and can also be transmitted through close contact with infected individuals. Diagnosis of Streptococcus Group B infection is usually made through culture and identification of the bacteria in various bodily fluids or tissues.
Treatment of infections caused by Streptococcus Group B usually involves antibiotic therapy to eradicate the bacteria. Additionally, preventative measures such as screening pregnant women for Group B Streptococcus and providing antibiotics during labor are implemented to reduce the risk of transmission to newborns.
