STRECKER SYNTHESIS Meaning and
Definition
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Strecker synthesis is a chemical process used to synthesize amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins, from simple starting materials. It was developed by the German chemist Adolf Strecker in 1850.
In Strecker synthesis, a carbonyl compound, such as an aldehyde or ketone, is reacted with ammonia and hydrogen cyanide in the presence of a catalyst, typically a strong acid or base. The reaction proceeds through multiple steps to produce an α-aminonitrile intermediate. This intermediate is then hydrolyzed with an acid or base to yield an amino acid.
The key step in Strecker synthesis is the addition of ammonia and hydrogen cyanide to the carbonyl compound, which forms an imine intermediate. This imine reacts further with cyanide ion to form the α-aminonitrile. The stereochemistry of the resulting amino acid can be controlled by the choice of reactants and reaction conditions.
Strecker synthesis is a versatile and widely used method for the production of various amino acids, both natural and synthetic. It has been applied in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other compounds of industrial importance. The process can be optimized by adjusting reaction parameters, such as temperature, pressure, catalyst, and reactant concentrations, to achieve high yields and selectivity.
Etymology of STRECKER SYNTHESIS
The term "Strecker synthesis" is named after the German chemist Adolf Strecker who developed this chemical reaction. The word "synthesis" refers to the formation of a compound or substance by combining simpler substances. Thus, "Strecker synthesis" specifically refers to the chemical reaction developed by Adolf Strecker for the synthesis of amino acids.
