Stomach cancers, also known as gastric cancers, are malignant tumors that develop in the tissues of the stomach. This type of cancer occurs when cells in the lining of the stomach undergo abnormal changes and multiply uncontrollably, forming a tumor. Stomach cancers can affect any part of the stomach and may spread to nearby organs or lymph nodes.
There are several types of stomach cancers, classified based on the specific cells involved. The most common is adenocarcinoma, which originates from the cells that line the stomach's innermost layer. Other less common types include lymphoma, sarcoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs).
Stomach cancers often develop gradually over several years, and early-stage symptoms can be vague and easily overlooked. However, as the cancer progresses, individuals may experience symptoms such as abdominal pain or discomfort, unintentional weight loss, persistent indigestion or heartburn, nausea, vomiting, appetite loss, or blood in the stool.
Various factors can increase the risk of developing stomach cancers, including age, gender, family history, certain infections (such as Helicobacter pylori), smoking, dietary choices (e.g., high-salt or low-fiber diets), obesity, and certain medical conditions (like chronic gastritis or stomach polyps).
Diagnosis of stomach cancers typically involves a combination of imaging tests (like endoscopy, CT scans, or ultrasound), biopsies (tissue samples), and laboratory analyses. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapies, or a combination thereof, depending on the stage and extent of the cancer.
As stomach cancers tend to be diagnosed at later stages when they have already spread, the prognosis can vary. Early detection and treatment offer the best chances of successful outcomes.
