STFT Meaning and
Definition
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STFT stands for Short-Time Fourier Transform. It is a digital signal processing technique used to analyze the frequency content of a non-stationary signal or a signal that varies over time. The STFT provides a way to examine how the frequency components of a signal change over time by dividing the signal into small segments and measuring the frequency components present in each segment.
In this technique, the signal is divided into overlapping frames or windows of fixed duration. These windows are typically rectangular or have some other shape, such as a Hamming or Hanning window, to minimize artifacts introduced during the analysis. The Fourier Transform is then applied to each frame to determine the frequency content of that segment at a particular time. The resulting information is represented as a time-varying spectrum or spectrogram, where the intensity or color of each frequency component represents its magnitude or power over time.
The STFT is widely used in various fields, including audio signal processing, speech analysis, image processing, and vibration analysis. It enables the examination and visualization of how the frequency components of a signal change with time, making it useful for identifying transient events, analyzing the harmonic structure of music, detecting speech patterns, and studying oscillatory behavior in signals. By providing insights into the frequency content of time-varying signals, the STFT helps in understanding and processing a wide range of signals in various applications.
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