Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a rare and severe disorder that affects the skin and mucous membranes. It is characterized by a painful and potentially life-threatening skin reaction that typically results from an adverse reaction to medication or an infection. SJS is often considered a severe form of another condition called erythema multiforme, but with more extensive and severe involvement of the skin.
The syndrome usually begins with flu-like symptoms, such as fever, cough, and body aches, followed by the development of a widespread rash. This rash starts as red or purple patches, which quickly progress into blisters or open sores. Additionally, mucous membranes, such as those in the eyes, mouth, nose, and genital area, may also be affected, leading to significant pain, discomfort, and difficulty in performing normal bodily functions.
The causes of SJS are diverse, but most commonly it is triggered by certain medications, including antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and anticonvulsants. Infection, particularly certain viral infections, can also be a precipitating factor. SJS is considered a hypersensitivity reaction, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues.
Treatment for SJS involves immediate hospitalization and supportive care. This includes discontinuing the suspected causative medication, treating underlying infections, and managing pain and inflammation. Additionally, patients are often placed in specialized burn units to prevent infection and facilitate the healing process. In severe cases, when large portions of the skin and mucous membranes are affected, medical interventions, such as intravenous fluids, nutritional support, and wound care, may be necessary.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition that requires prompt medical attention and specialized care.
