Sternalgia is a medical term derived from the Latin word "sternum" which refers to the breastbone or chest bone, and the Greek word “algos” which means pain. It is a condition characterized by acute or chronic pain in the sternum. The sternum is a long flat bone located in the center of the chest, connecting the ribs through cartilage.
The pain associated with sternalgia is typically localized to the sternum, although it may radiate to neighboring structures such as the chest, shoulders, or upper back. The pain intensity can vary from mild discomfort to severe and debilitating, and it may worsen with certain movements, deep breathing, coughing or sneezing.
Causes of sternalgia can vary, ranging from musculoskeletal factors such as trauma, strain or inflammation of the costosternal joints, muscles or ligaments in the chest, to underlying medical conditions like costochondritis, arthritis, osteoporosis, or cardiovascular problems. Furthermore, respiratory infections or gastrointestinal disorders can also cause sternalgia as a referred pain.
Diagnosis of sternalgia typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and sometimes imaging tests such as X-rays, computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to rule out other potential causes of chest pain.
The treatment approach for sternalgia may depend on the underlying cause. Conservative management options may include rest, applying ice or heat packs, over-the-counter pain relievers, physical therapy, and avoiding activities that exacerbate the pain. However, if pain becomes persistent or severe, medical intervention may be necessary, which could involve medications, interventional procedures, or surgery if appropriate.
In summary, sternalgia is a condition characterized by chest pain originating from the sternum. While
