Sterilization by flowing steam, also known as steam sterilization or autoclaving, is a process commonly used to eliminate microorganisms and other potentially harmful agents from items such as medical equipment, laboratory instruments, and even biological waste. This method relies on the principle that high temperature steam can effectively kill or inactivate most forms of life, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores.
The process begins by placing the items to be sterilized inside a specialized chamber, typically an autoclave. The chamber is sealed to create a controlled environment, and high-pressure steam is then introduced, filling the chamber. The temperature of the steam is typically maintained at around 121 to 134 degrees Celsius (250 to 273 degrees Fahrenheit), and the pressure is elevated to between 1.05 to 2.08 kg/cm2.
The combination of high temperature and pressure works by disrupting the structure and function of microorganisms, leading to their destruction. Steam penetrates the items being sterilized, ensuring that the heat reaches all surfaces, crevices, and corners. This process effectively renders the items free from infectious agents and ready for safe use.
Sterilization by flowing steam is a vital process in various fields, including healthcare, biotechnology, and research laboratories. It provides a reliable and efficient means of ensuring the safety and integrity of equipment, materials, and samples, protecting both patients and laboratory workers from potential infections or contaminants.
