STEAM TURBINES Meaning and
Definition
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Steam turbines are mechanical devices that convert the energy from high-pressure steam into mechanical work, which is then used to turn an electric generator and produce electricity. They are widely used in power plants, industrial facilities, and maritime propulsion systems due to their efficiency and versatility.
The operation of a steam turbine involves the flow of steam through a series of rotating blades, known as turbine stages. Steam enters the turbine at high pressure and high temperature, typically generated by a boiler or heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). As the steam flows through the turbine stages, it passes over the blades, causing them to spin. The spinning motion of the blades is then used to drive a generator that produces electric power.
Steam turbines are categorized into different types based on their design and application, such as impulse turbines and reaction turbines. Impulse turbines use the impact of steam jets on the blades to generate mechanical work, while reaction turbines rely on the reaction force of steam expanding as it passes through the blades.
These devices are known for their high efficiency and ability to generate large amounts of power. Steam turbines are capable of converting over 40% of the thermal energy in steam into mechanical work, making them crucial components in various power generation systems. Their widespread use in electricity production and industrial processes has made them a vital component in the global energy infrastructure.
Etymology of STEAM TURBINES
The word "steam" in "steam turbines" originates from the Middle English word "steme" which means "vapor" or "exhalation". It can be traced back to the Old English word "stēam". The term "turbine", on the other hand, comes from the Latin word "turbin-", meaning "spinning top" or "whirling". It was derived from the Latin verb "turbo" which means "to spin". The combination of these two words refers to a type of machine that utilizes steam to generate rotational motion.
