Staphylococci are a type of bacteria that belong to the genus Staphylococcus, which comprises a diverse group of Gram-positive bacteria. This genus is further classified into different species and subspecies, but they all share common morphological and microbiological characteristics.
Staphylococci are spherical-shaped bacteria that usually form grape-like clusters or chains. They are non-motile, non-spore-forming, and generally anaerobic, meaning they can survive and thrive in both oxygenated and non-oxygenated environments. These bacteria are facultative anaerobes, capable of adapting their metabolism according to the availability of oxygen, making them versatile pathogens.
Staphylococci are considered opportunistic pathogens, commonly found on the skin and mucous membranes of humans and animals. They can cause various infections, ranging from minor skin infections, like boils and impetigo, to more severe and life-threatening conditions such as pneumonia, meningitis, and septicemia. Staphylococcus aureus is the most clinically significant species within this genus, responsible for the majority of staphylococcal infections.
In recent years, staphylococci have become a major concern due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains, most notably methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). MRSA infections are particularly challenging to treat as they are resistant to multiple antibiotics, making them a significant public health issue.
To identify staphylococci in the laboratory, microbiologists typically employ various culture and biochemical tests. This allows for proper identification and helps determine the appropriate treatment for staphylococcal infections.
