The Society of Saint Pius X, commonly referred to as SSPX, is a traditionalist Catholic organization that adheres to a conservative interpretation of Catholic teachings and liturgical practices. Founded in 1970 by Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, SSPX seeks to preserve what it considers to be the true spirit of the Catholic Church before and after the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965).
SSPX is characterized by its opposition to certain reforms and changes introduced in the Catholic Church in the mid-20th century. It rejects certain aspects of modernism, ecumenism, and religious pluralism, striving to maintain traditional Catholic theology, spirituality, and liturgical practices. SSPX adherents prefer the celebration of traditional Latin Mass and sacramental rites, which they believe are more faithful to early Church traditions.
The relationship between the Vatican and SSPX has been characterized by tensions and controversy. In 1988, Archbishop Lefebvre, along with three other bishops, ordained bishops without papal approval, resulting in their excommunication by the Vatican. However, in recent years, there have been attempts to reconcile with the Holy See, and some progress has been made in dialogue with the Vatican.
SSPX maintains its own network of churches, seminaries, schools, and publications worldwide, separate from the jurisdiction and authority of the local dioceses in which they operate. While not officially recognized as part of the Roman Catholic Church, many SSPX followers consider themselves to be Catholics in good standing, albeit with a distinct identity within the broader Catholic community.
