Sprechstimme is a German word that means "speech-voice" in English. Its spelling is unique and phonetically distinct, with the IPA transcription being [ʃpʀɛçʃtimə]. The first syllable starts with the voiceless postalveolar fricative consonant [ʃ], followed by the voiceless uvular fricative consonant [χ]. The second syllable starts with the voiced postalveolar fricative consonant [ʒ], followed by the voiceless alveolar fricative consonant [s]. The word ends with the unstressed schwa vowel sound [ə]. Sprechstimme is commonly used in music to describe a vocal style that combines elements of speaking and singing.
Sprechstimme, originating from the German words "sprech" (to speak) and "stimme" (voice), refers to a vocal technique that lies somewhere between speaking and singing. It is a style of vocal delivery often employed in contemporary classical music, particularly associated with the expressionist movement of the early 20th century, and was developed by the Austrian composer Arnold Schoenberg.
Sprechstimme can be best described as a hybrid technique, where the vocal performer speaks in a heightened, exaggerated manner that closely resembles speech patterns, but also incorporates musical elements like pitch and rhythm. Unlike traditional singing, where precise pitches and durations are followed, Sprechstimme involves a deliberate deviation from the notated pitch, creating a unique and unsettling effect.
In terms of performance practice, the vocal performer typically follows the notated rhythms closely, while allowing for personal interpretation in regards to pitch. The voice may slide between pitches, utilizing a gliding or rising/falling inflection, lending an emotive quality to the delivery. Sprechstimme often has a dissonant or expressionistic character, conveying intense emotions or depicting surrealistic imagery.
This distinct technique allows composers to explore a broader range of expressive possibilities, unlocking new realms of musical interpretation with its combination of speech and musical elements. Sprechstimme is still utilized today in contemporary classical music, and its notable usage by Schoenberg and others has left a lasting impact on the development of vocal performance in experimental and avant-garde styles.
The word "sprechstimme" is of German origin. It is a compound word consisting of "sprech" meaning "to speak" or "to talk" and "stimme" meaning "voice" or "vocal". The term was coined by the Austrian composer Arnold Schoenberg, who developed the vocal technique in the early 20th century as a blend of spoken and sung elements.