A spittle insect, scientifically known as Cercopoidea, is a type of small, sap-sucking insect that belongs to the superfamily Cercopoidea within the order Hemiptera. These insects are commonly found in grassy or marshy areas and are characterized by their ability to produce a frothy substance resembling foam or spittle, which serves as a protective covering for the insect nymphs.
The spittle-like froth, also known as "cuckoo spit," is produced by the immature stages of the spittle insect known as nymphs. Nymphs excrete a watery substance from their anus, mixed with air, which is then whipped by their quick leg movements. This frothy substance provides several benefits for the nymph's survival, including protection from predators, temperature regulation, and moisture retention.
Adult spittle insects are typically small, ranging from 1 to 10 millimeters in length, with a variety of colors including green, brown, or black. They have long hind legs, enabling them to jump when disturbed, and a pair of membranous wings that are often held parallel to their body when at rest.
Spittle insects primarily feed on plant sap, extracting it from grasses, herbaceous plants, or shrubs using their piercing-sucking mouthparts. This feeding may cause some damage to the plants, especially in large populations. However, the impact on plant health is generally minimal, and spittle insects are not considered significant agricultural pests.
Overall, spittle insects are fascinating creatures that exhibit peculiar behaviors, such as their ability to produce a protective froth-like substance. They play a role in ecosystems and contribute to the diversity of insect fauna in various habitats.
