A spinal cord neoplasm, also known as spinal cord tumor, is a rare abnormal growth or mass that develops within the spinal cord or the surrounding tissue. It is a type of neoplasm that affects the spinal cord, which is a vital part of the central nervous system responsible for relaying signals between the brain and the rest of the body.
Spinal cord neoplasms can be categorized as primary or secondary tumors. Primary tumors originate within the spinal cord or its covering membranes, while secondary tumors are metastatic cancers that spread from other parts of the body to the spinal cord. Primary tumors can be further classified into different types including meningiomas, ependymomas, astrocytomas, schwannomas, and others, each with distinct characteristics and potential effects on the spinal cord.
The manifestations of a spinal cord neoplasm depend on its location, size, and specific type. Common symptoms may include persistent back pain, numbness or weakness in the extremities, loss of coordination, difficulty walking, bladder or bowel dysfunction, and even paralysis. As the tumor grows and exerts pressure on surrounding structures, it can impede the normal function of the spinal cord, resulting in neurological deficits.
Diagnostic procedures such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) scans, and biopsy are typically employed to detect and evaluate spinal cord neoplasms. Treatment options vary depending on the nature and extent of the tumor but may include surgical removal, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted drug therapy. Multidisciplinary management involving neurosurgeons, oncologists, and other specialists is commonly required to optimize treatment outcomes for patients with spinal cord neoplasms.
