The South Equatorial Current refers to a major oceanic current that flows in a westerly direction across the tropical regions of the southern hemisphere. It is characterized by its position near the equator, running between approximately 5 degrees north and 20 degrees south latitude.
This current is primarily driven by the trade winds, which blow consistently towards the west across the low latitudes. The trade winds push surface waters towards the west, resulting in the formation of powerful, continuous eastward-flowing currents along the equator and near the equator on either side. The South Equatorial Current is one of these eastward-flowing currents, situated below the equator.
Originating from the eastern part of the Pacific Ocean, this current travels across the central Pacific, encompassing the islands of Micronesia, Melanesia, and Polynesia. As it progresses westwards, it splits into two branches, with one branch curving around the eastern coast of Australia, merging with the East Australian Current, and eventually mixing with the East Australian Current System. The other branch flows towards the western coast of Australia, joining the Leeuwin Current.
The South Equatorial Current is an important oceanic system as it influences regional climate patterns, ocean temperatures, and marine ecosystems. It transports warm waters from the tropical Pacific to surrounding regions, impacting weather patterns and providing a significant source of heat for adjacent coastal areas. Additionally, this current facilitates the migration and dispersal of marine organisms, aiding in the exchange of nutrients and species across different regions of the ocean.
