Pronunciation: [sˈə͡ʊnɑː] (IPA) 
The word "sonar" refers to a technology that uses sound waves to bounce off objects and determine their location. Its spelling is phonetically representable as /ˈsəʊnɑː(r)/. The "s" is pronounced like "saw," the "o" with a British pronunciation like "lot," the "n" sounds like "new," the "a" is pronounced like "ah," and finally, the "r" is pronounced with a silent r sound. Overall, the word "sonar" is pronounced as "SOH-nahr."
Sonar, short for Sound Navigation and Ranging, refers to a system used to detect and locate objects underwater by producing sound waves and analyzing their echoes. This technology, based on the principles of echolocation, operates by emitting sound pulses, usually in the form of high-frequency sound waves, into the water. These sound waves travel through the medium until they encounter an object, at which point they bounce back or reflect off it. The sonar system then receives the echoes and analyzes the time it takes for them to return, as well as their characteristics (such as intensity and frequency), to determine the distance, size, and shape of the object.
Sonar has various applications in scientific research, military operations, and recreational activities. In scientific studies, it is utilized to map the ocean floor, study marine life and habitats, and assess underwater geological features. Its military usage spans from detecting submarines and naval mines to assisting in underwater navigation and target identification. Additionally, in recreational contexts, sonar is employed in fish finders that help fishermen locate schools of fish.
The development of sonar technology has advanced over the years, resulting in improved accuracy, increased range, and higher resolution. Modern sonar systems often combine multiple sensors, such as echo sounders and side-scan sonar, to provide comprehensive and detailed underwater images. Sonar's ability to penetrate through water and explore its hidden depths makes it an invaluable tool for numerous applications, offering valuable insights into the underwater world.
The word "sonar" is derived from the acronym for "SOund Navigation And Ranging". The term was coined during World War II by American scientists working on underwater detection systems.
