Somatomedin refers to a group of peptide hormones that are produced by the liver in response to the secretion of growth hormone (GH) by the pituitary gland. These hormones, also known as insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), play a crucial role in regulating growth, development, and metabolism.
The term "somatomedin" is derived from the fusion of two words: "soma" (which means body) and "medin" (which represents mediator). Hence, somatomedins can be understood as mediators that have a major impact on the body's growth and development processes.
There are mainly two types of somatomedins, namely somatomedin-C (IGF-1) and somatomedin-A (IGF-2). These peptides are structurally similar to insulin and share high affinity for the insulin receptor. They act as signaling molecules that bind to specific receptors on target cells, leading to various biological effects.
Somatomedins primarily exert their effects on cells of bones, muscles, and other tissues. They promote protein synthesis, cell growth, and cell division, thereby contributing to overall body growth. Additionally, somatomedins have metabolic functions, including regulating carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
The production and release of somatomedins are mainly controlled by GH secreted by the pituitary gland, with the liver being the primary site of their synthesis. However, other tissues, such as skeletal muscle, also produce somatomedins in smaller amounts.
Overall, somatomedins play a vital role in the growth and development of the body, showcasing their significance in regulating various physiological processes.
