Social engineering is a term used to describe the malicious tactics employed by individuals or groups to manipulate or deceive people into providing confidential information, granting unauthorized access, or carrying out unintended actions. It involves exploiting psychological and social factors to trick individuals into divulging sensitive information, revealing passwords, or granting access to protected systems.
Social engineering techniques can take various forms, including phishing emails, phone scams, impersonation, or manipulating people's emotions or trust. The attackers often take advantage of human tendencies such as empathy, curiosity, fear, or authority obedience to sway victims into complying with their requests. By manipulating individuals' emotions, beliefs, or behaviors, social engineers aim to bypass technological defenses and gain unauthorized access to private information or systems.
These tactics are commonly used to gain unauthorized access to sensitive networks, steal valuable data, commit fraud, distribute malware, or launch further cyberattacks. Social engineering attacks can be highly sophisticated, with attackers conducting extensive research to gather personal information and tailor their approaches for better success rates.
Organizations employ various measures to combat social engineering, including employee training programs, multi-factor authentication, security awareness campaigns, and policies that discourage sharing sensitive information. However, given the evolving nature of social engineering attacks and the human element involved, remaining vigilant and cautious is crucial in preventing falling victim to such scams.
The term "social engineering" originated in the field of computer security, but its etymology can be traced back to various disciplines, including sociology, psychology, and engineering.
The term "social engineering" itself was first used in the 19th century by sociologist Gustave Le Bon in his book "The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind" published in 1895. Le Bon used the term to describe how individuals can manipulate and control the behavior of a crowd through psychological and sociological techniques. Le Bon's work focused on the behavior of large groups of people and how they can be influenced.
Fast forward to the 20th century, the term "social engineering" found its way into the field of computer security and hacking. In this context, it refers to the practice of manipulating and exploiting human psychology to gain unauthorized access to computer systems or sensitive information.