Snake poisons are toxins produced by venomous snakes, primarily for the purpose of subduing and immobilizing their prey. These substances are injected into the victim's body through the snake's fangs when it bites or strikes. Snake venom is a complex combination of various enzymes, proteins, peptides, and other bioactive molecules that exhibit a wide range of biological activities.
The composition and effects of snake poisons vary across different snake species, making each venom unique in its own way. Some venomous snakes possess highly potent neurotoxins, which attack the victim's nervous system, causing paralysis or even respiratory failure. Other snake venoms may contain hemotoxins, which endanger the victim by disrupting the blood clotting process, leading to internal bleeding, tissue damage, and organ failure. There are also venoms that contain cytotoxins, causing cell destruction and tissue breakdown in the bitten area.
Understanding the properties of snake poisons is essential for developing appropriate antivenom treatments. Antivenoms are created by extracting and purifying antibodies from animals, typically horses or sheep, that have been immunized with specific venom components. These antivenoms help neutralize the effects of the snake venom by binding to the toxins, preventing them from harming the victim's body.
While snake poisons can be highly dangerous and life-threatening to humans, snakes primarily use them for capturing and subduing prey. With their remarkable adaptations, venomous snakes have evolved venom delivery systems that enable them to effectively immobilize their target, ensuring a successful meal acquisition.
