Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) is a welding process commonly referred to as stick welding or electric arc welding. It is a manual welding technique that uses a consumable electrode, known as a welding rod or stick, which is coated in a flux material to protect the molten metal from oxygen and contaminants. The flux coating also generates a gas to shield the welded area and provides a protective slag layer that shields the cooling weld from oxidation and atmospheric impurities.
During SMAW, an electric current is set up between the welding rod and the workpiece, creating an electric arc that melts both the electrode and the base metal. The pooling of molten metal from the electrode and base metal forms a fusion joint that solidifies as it cools, resulting in a strong and durable weld.
SMAW is known for its versatility and is suitable for various applications, including construction, pipelines, manufacturing, and maintenance and repair work. It can be used to weld ferrous and non-ferrous metals, such as steel, cast iron, stainless steel, and aluminum. The process offers excellent control over the welding parameters, allowing the welder to adjust the arc length, travel speed, and electrode angle to achieve the desired weld quality.
However, SMAW does require skilled labor as it is a manual technique, and the process produces a significant amount of smoke and fumes, requiring adequate ventilation and personal protective equipment for the welder's safety.
