Sleep-wake cycle disorder, also known as circadian rhythm sleep disorder, refers to a group of conditions characterized by disruption or irregularity in an individual's sleep-wake patterns. This disorder occurs when there is a misalignment between an individual's internal biological clock and their desired or socially acceptable sleep timing.
The sleep-wake cycle is regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the brain, which responds to light and dark signals. This internal clock helps regulate various bodily functions, including sleep, hormone release, and body temperature. However, certain factors can disturb this synchronization and lead to a sleep-wake cycle disorder.
The symptoms of sleep-wake cycle disorder can vary depending on the specific subtype. Delayed sleep phase disorder is characterized by a difficulty in falling asleep and waking up at conventional times, resulting in a delayed sleep-wake schedule in relation to societal norms. Advanced sleep phase disorder is the opposite, with individuals falling asleep and waking up too early.
Irregular sleep-wake rhythm disorder is characterized by fragmented and irregular sleep patterns with multiple sleep periods throughout a 24-hour period. Non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder refers to an individual's internal clock being out of sync with the 24-hour day, resulting in a gradual shift in sleep and wake times.
Treatment for sleep-wake cycle disorder typically involves interventions aimed at resetting or regulating the internal clock, such as light therapy, behavioral therapy, and medication. Managing this disorder can greatly improve an individual's quality of life and overall functioning.
