Sleep Hypopneas is a term used in sleep medicine to describe episodes of abnormally low breathing during sleep. The spelling of this word can be explained using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). "Sleep" is spelled /sliːp/ with the "ee" sound as in "she" and "deep." "Hypopneas" is spelled /haɪpəʊˈniːəs/, with the emphasis on the second syllable and the "y" sound as in "eye." The "pnea" part of the word comes from the Greek word "pnoia," meaning "breath."
Sleep hypopneas are respiratory events that occur during sleep characterized by a partial or incomplete reduction in airflow. They are commonly associated with repeated, brief interruptions in breathing, leading to partial or shallow breathing patterns. Sleep hypopneas are considered to be less severe than sleep apneas, which involve complete cessation of breathing for a certain period of time.
During sleep, the upper airway muscles relax, narrowing the airway passage and causing air turbulence. This may result in a reduction in airflow, leading to a drop in oxygen levels in the blood and arousals from sleep. Sleep hypopneas are typically diagnosed when there is a reduction in airflow of at least 50% for 10 seconds or longer in combination with an arousal or a decrease in oxygen saturation of 3% or more.
The consequences of sleep hypopneas can be detrimental to overall health. They can disrupt the normal sleep cycle, leading to frequent awakenings and poor sleep quality. This can result in excessive daytime sleepiness, cognitive impairment, and increased risk of accidents and injuries. Sleep hypopneas are commonly associated with sleep-disordered breathing conditions, such as obstructive sleep apnea, a condition characterized by repeated episodes of partial or complete airflow obstruction during sleep.
Treatment for sleep hypopneas often involves addressing the underlying cause, such as weight loss, positional therapy, or the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. CPAP delivers a steady stream of air pressure, keeping the airway open and preventing the occurrence of these partial airflow reductions during sleep.
The word hypopneas originates from the Greek roots hypo meaning under or below and pnoia meaning breathing. Hence, hypopneas refer to episodes of abnormally shallow or slow breathing during sleep. The term sleep hypopneas is derived from combining sleep, which refers to the state of rest or unconsciousness, with hypopneas.