Sleep bruxism is a type of sleep disorder that is characterized by the involuntary or unconscious grinding, gnashing, or clenching of teeth during sleep. It is also referred to as nocturnal bruxism, sleep-related bruxism, or simply teeth grinding at night.
Sleep bruxism is often associated with several factors, including stress, anxiety, certain medications, sleep apnea, abnormal bite or misaligned teeth, or an underlying sleep disorder. Although the exact cause is not fully understood, it is believed to result from a combination of physical, psychological, and genetic factors.
Individuals who suffer from sleep bruxism may experience varied symptoms such as jaw pain or stiffness, facial soreness, headaches, earaches, disrupted sleep, and damage to the teeth, gums, or jaw. It can lead to dental problems like tooth wear, flattening, chipping, or fracturing, as well as temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders.
Diagnosing sleep bruxism is often challenging as it occurs during sleep, when the individual may be unaware of their actions. A comprehensive examination by a sleep specialist or a dentist specializing in sleep disorders may involve analyzing symptoms, assessing dental and oral health, and conducting a sleep study to monitor and identify grinding or clenching patterns.
Treatment options for sleep bruxism depend on the severity and underlying causes. These may include stress management techniques, wearing a mouthguard or splint to protect the teeth, dental corrections, sleep hygiene improvements, or addressing any concurrent sleep disorders. In severe cases, medication or behavioral therapy may be recommended. A multidisciplinary approach involving dental, medical, and psychological professionals can be crucial in managing sleep bruxism effectively.
