Sixth Disease, also known as roseola infantum or exanthem subitum, is a contagious viral infection that primarily affects infants and young children. It is characterized by a sudden onset of high fever, followed by a rash that appears once the fever subsides.
The causative agent of Sixth Disease is the human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), specifically HHV-6B. This virus is transmitted through respiratory secretions and can easily spread from person to person, especially in close contact settings such as households or daycare centers.
The initial symptom of Sixth Disease is a sudden fever, often exceeding 101°F (38.3°C). The fever may last for several days and may be accompanied by irritability, fatigue, or mild respiratory symptoms such as a runny nose or cough. Once the fever resolves, typically after 3-5 days, a distinctive rash appears. The rash generally starts on the trunk and then spreads to the face, arms, and legs. It consists of small, pinkish-red spots that may merge together, giving a blush-like appearance. The rash tends to disappear within a few hours to a couple of days.
Most cases of Sixth Disease are mild and self-limiting, with complete recovery within a week. Treatment mainly focuses on relieving fever and discomfort through measures like fluid intake, appropriate clothing, and over-the-counter medications. In rare cases, complications like febrile seizures or neurological symptoms may occur. However, these are uncommon and generally resolve without long-term effects.
Overall, Sixth Disease is considered a benign childhood illness, and most children develop immunity to HHV-6 after infection, providing lifelong protection against subsequent episodes.
