Simbu group viruses are a collection of viruses belonging to the family Bunyaviridae, genus Orthobunyavirus. This group includes various arthropod-borne viruses that infect mammals, particularly ruminants such as sheep and cattle, as well as humans. The name "Simbu" is derived from the Sindbis virus and the recently discovered Bunyamwera virus, which were used as reference viruses for the classification of this group.
These viruses are primarily transmitted through the bites of infected insects, particularly mosquitoes and Culicoides biting midges, which act as vectors. The geographical distribution of Simbu group viruses is widespread, primarily found in regions with temperate to tropical climates across the globe.
Infections caused by Simbu group viruses in animals typically result in a febrile illness, reproductive disorders, and sometimes even death. In humans, infections are usually asymptomatic or cause flu-like symptoms such as fever, headache, and muscle pain. However, some strains of Simbu viruses have been associated with more severe clinical manifestations, including neurological disorders such as encephalitis.
The diagnosis of Simbu group virus infections is generally accomplished through laboratory tests, including serological and molecular techniques for virus detection and characterization. Vaccines are not widely available for these viruses, therefore prevention and control mainly rely on vector control measures, such as insecticide application and mitigation of mosquito breeding sites.
Overall, Simbu group viruses pose risks to both animal and human health, making continuous surveillance and research essential to understand their epidemiology, transmission dynamics, and potential threats to public health and livestock industries.
