Sicca is a medical term that refers to a condition characterized by dryness or lack of moisture. It commonly denotes dryness of the mucous membranes, particularly those found in the eyes and mouth. Sicca syndrome, also known as Sjögren's syndrome, is a chronic autoimmune disorder that primarily affects these mucous membranes and various other parts of the body.
In cases of sicca syndrome, the lacrimal and salivary glands fail to produce enough tears and saliva, respectively, leading to dry eyes and mouth. This can cause discomfort, ranging from mild to severe. Other symptoms may include dry skin, vaginal dryness, difficulty swallowing, and joint pain. Sicca syndrome can also affect internal organs such as the lungs, kidneys, and liver.
The underlying cause of sicca syndrome is the immune system attacking the moisture-producing parts of the body. It predominantly affects women, typically occurring around the age of 40 or older. Diagnosis often involves evaluating symptoms, conducting blood tests, and performing specific diagnostic procedures.
Treatment for sicca syndrome aims to alleviate symptoms and may include the use of artificial tears for dry eyes, lubricating gels or mouthwashes for dry mouth, and medications to suppress the immune system. Additionally, managing underlying conditions and avoiding environmental factors that worsen dryness can help improve the quality of life for individuals experiencing sicca.
