SIBO, an acronym for Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth, refers to a medical condition characterized by an excessive proliferation of bacteria in the small intestine. This condition occurs when the normal balance of bacteria in the gut is disrupted, leading to an abnormal and excessive growth of bacteria in the small intestine.
The small intestine is responsible for digestion and absorption of nutrients from food, and it normally contains a relatively low number of bacteria. However, in SIBO, bacteria from the colon migrate upwards into the small intestine, where they multiply and thrive, causing various symptoms and interfering with normal digestive processes.
Common symptoms of SIBO include abdominal bloating, flatulence, diarrhea, abdominal pain or discomfort, and malabsorption of nutrients. These symptoms are primarily caused by the excessive bacteria fermenting food in the small intestine, leading to the production of gas and toxins.
SIBO can be caused by various factors, such as impaired motility of the small intestine, structural abnormalities, certain medications, or underlying conditions that affect the digestive system. Diagnosis of SIBO is typically made through breath tests, which detect and measure the gases produced by the bacteria in the small intestine.
Treatment for SIBO usually involves a combination of targeted antibiotics to eradicate the excessive bacteria, along with dietary modifications to reduce fermentable carbohydrates that contribute to bacterial growth. Probiotics and other supportive therapies may also be recommended to restore a healthy balance of gut bacteria and improve digestion.
