Sheep Contagious Ecthyma Virus, commonly known as Orf virus, is a contagious zoonotic disease that primarily affects sheep and goats. It belongs to the family Poxviridae and genus Parapoxvirus. This virus causes a highly infectious skin condition characterized by the formation of painful, raised, and proliferative lesions on the lips, mouth, face, and occasionally on the udder or genitals of affected animals.
The transmission of Sheep Contagious Ecthyma Virus typically occurs through direct contact with the lesions or contaminated fomites such as feed troughs, equipment, or bedding. The virus gains entry into the body through any breaks in the skin, including cuts, scratches, or abrasions. It can also be transmitted to humans, causing a similar skin infection, especially in individuals with compromised immune systems.
Clinical signs in infected animals include the development of papules which progress to vesicles and then to pustules. These pustules eventually dry up and form scabs, leading to the characteristic thick, crusty, and scaly appearance of the lesions. Affected animals may experience weight loss, reduced appetite, and decreased milk production.
Prevention and control methods for Sheep Contagious Ecthyma Virus include isolation and segregation of infected animals, strict hygiene practices, vaccination, and prompt treatment of affected animals to minimize transmission. Humans should handle infected animals with caution and wear appropriate protective clothing to avoid contracting the virus.
Sheep Contagious Ecthyma Virus is a significant concern in the livestock industry due to its economic impact resulting from decreased productivity and costs associated with prevention and control measures.
