The expression "shares bed and board" refers to a legal arrangement and formal contract between two individuals who have chosen to live together in a long-term committed relationship. It typically implies a romantic or domestic partnership, although it can also be used in other non-romantic situations.
The term "shares bed" signifies that the two individuals are cohabitating, often in a sexual and romantic relationship, and they sleep in the same bed. This implies a level of intimacy and closeness beyond mere friendship or casual acquaintanceship.
On the other hand, "shares board" refers to the act of sharing meals and expenses, indicating that the individuals are jointly responsible for their living costs, including utilities, rent or mortgage, groceries, and other household expenses. This emphasizes the financial and practical aspects of their partnership, such as sharing household chores and responsibilities.
Together, when someone says that two people "share bed and board," they are indicating that these individuals are living together as a committed couple, sharing a physical living space, engaging in a romantic relationship, and contributing equally to the daily costs and maintenance of their shared household. This expression often implies a level of permanence and seriousness in the relationship, akin to marriage, although it does not necessarily carry the same legal implications.