A sharecrop farmer can be defined as an individual who cultivates a piece of land owned by another party under a specific arrangement known as sharecropping. Sharecropping is an agricultural system where the landowner provides the land and often other resources such as seeds, tools, and shelter, while the sharecrop farmer contributes their labor. In this arrangement, the sharecrop farmer pays a portion of the crops or livestock produced, generally in the form of a share, rent, or predetermined percentage, to the landowner as compensation for using the land and resources.
The sharecrop farmer typically receives a percentage of the harvest as remuneration for their efforts. However, the exact terms of the agreement and the division of labor and crops can differ depending on various factors, such as local customs, regional practices, and the bargaining power of the parties involved.
Sharecrop farming has historically been prevalent in societies where land ownership is concentrated in the hands of a few individuals or entities, and where farmers may not have access to enough resources or capital to own and operate their own farms independently. While the arrangement provides an opportunity for landless farmers to work the land and earn a livelihood, there can be inherent challenges such as low wages, unequal power dynamics, and limited scope for upward mobility. Due to these factors, sharecrop farming has been associated with poverty and exploitation in some contexts.
The term "sharecropper farmer" combines two words: "sharecropper" and "farmer".
The word "sharecropper" is derived from the combination of "share" and "cropper". "Share" refers to the portion or division of something that is distributed among multiple participants. In the context of sharecropping, it refers to the division of the crops or harvest between the landowner and the sharecropper. "Cropper" originally referred to a person who harvested crops but later became associated specifically with those who worked on another person's land on a sharecropping basis.
The word "farmer" comes from the Old English word "fermēre" which means "one who manages or occupies land, renter, occupier". It denoted an individual who cultivated, managed, and worked on a piece of land for production or cultivation purposes.