The Sex Determining Region Gene On Y is commonly abbreviated as SRY. The spelling of "determining" is simplified to "determinin" in order to match the pronunciation of the word. The "g" in "gene" is pronounced as a "j" sound, represented by the IPA symbol /dʒɛn/. The "on" in "on Y" is pronounced as a single syllable, represented by the IPA symbol /ɔn/. The pronunciation of SRY is /es- aɹ-waɪ/.
The "Sex Determining Region Gene On Y" (SRY) is a significant gene found on the Y chromosome in humans and other mammalian species. It plays a crucial role in the determination of the male sex during embryonic development.
The SRY gene encodes a transcription factor that initiates a cascade of events necessary for the development of male reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics. It is primarily responsible for the differentiation of the bipotential gonads into testes, which then produce testosterone and Müllerian-inhibiting substance (MIS). These hormones subsequently direct the development of male internal and external reproductive structures, such as the production of sperm, prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and the development of a penis.
The SRY gene is located on the short arm of the Y chromosome, specifically on the region known as the "sex-determining region of the Y chromosome" (hence the name). It contains a DNA sequence that codes for a protein known as the "sex-determining region Y protein" (SRY protein).
Mutations or alterations in the SRY gene can have significant effects on sexual development. Loss-of-function mutations can result in incomplete or ambiguous development of male sexual characteristics, leading to disorders of sexual development (DSD) or even intersex conditions.
Overall, the SRY gene is a pivotal genetic element that controls the development of male sexual characteristics and is fundamental in the determination of sexual dimorphism in mammals.