Semiconductor technology (/ˌsɛmikənˈdʌktər tɛkˈnɒlədʒi/) refers to the branch of electronics that deals with the study and design of semiconductor devices. These devices are used in a wide range of consumer electronics such as computers, televisions, and smartphones. The word "semiconductor" is spelled with stress on the second syllable, and the first syllable is pronounced as "semi-" with the vowel sound of "e" as in "bed". The word "technology" is spelled with stress on the second syllable and the first syllable pronounced as "tek-" with the vowel sound of "e" as in "met".
Semiconductor technology refers to the field of scientific and engineering techniques that involve the fabrication, manipulation, and utilization of materials known as semiconductors, typically silicon-based, to design and construct electronic devices.
A semiconductor is a material that possesses an intermediate level of electrical conductivity, being neither a good conductor of electricity like metals nor an insulator like nonmetals. Semiconductors have properties that allow their conductive ability to be altered by an external voltage or current, making them crucial in the creation of electronic components and integrated circuits.
Semiconductor technology encompasses a wide range of processes and techniques. It includes the design and manufacturing of semiconductors, such as transistors, diodes, and electronic chips, which are used in various applications like computers, telecommunications, consumer electronics, and automotive systems. It involves the deposition of thin layers of semiconductors using methods like chemical vapor deposition and molecular beam epitaxy. Semiconductor devices are then fabricated through processes such as lithography, etching, doping, and metal deposition.
Advancements in semiconductor technology have profoundly impacted the electronics industry, enabling the development of smaller, faster, and more energy-efficient devices. This technology has played a crucial role in innovations like smartphones, laptops, LED lighting, solar cells, and medical devices. The continued evolution and refinement of semiconductor technology have driven advancements in various fields, including telecommunications, artificial intelligence, robotics, and renewable energy.
The word "semiconductor" originated from the Latin words "semiconductus" (semi- meaning "half" or "partially" and conductus meaning "to lead"), which was used in early 20th-century German physics literature to describe a certain type of material that conducts electricity only under certain conditions.
The technology aspect in "semiconductor technology" refers to the application of scientific knowledge and techniques in an organized manner to create practical devices or systems.
Therefore, the etymology of "semiconductor technology" can be traced back to the use of semiconducting materials in various technological applications, such as electronic devices, integrated circuits, and other related technologies.