The spelling of "second cousins" might be a bit confusing for some people. The word "second" is spelled as /ˈsɛkənd/, with the stressed syllable on the first vowel. On the other hand, "cousins" is spelled as /ˈkʌznz/, with the stress falling on the second syllable. Together, the word is pronounced as /ˈsɛkənd ˈkʌznz/. It refers to the children of one's parents' cousins, or the cousins that share the same great-grandparents.
Second cousins are individuals who share a common great-grandparent, but are not siblings or first cousins. They are part of the extended family and belong to the same generational level. The term "second" implies that they are one generation removed from being first cousins.
To elaborate, the parents of second cousins are first cousins with each other or are siblings. This makes their grandparents siblings or first cousins. Consequently, their great-grandparents are either siblings or first cousins. Second cousins do not share the same set of grandparents, unlike first cousins, who share one pair of grandparents. Instead, their shared ancestry goes back to a previous generation.
The degree of genetic relatedness between second cousins is not as close as that between first cousins. On average, they share about 3.125% of their DNA or, in other words, about 298 centimorgans. However, it is important to note that these averages may vary depending on individual circumstances.
Second cousins are often considered distant relatives, as they are more likely to have limited knowledge of each other's immediate family and personal life. Nevertheless, they may have a sense of familiarity and connection due to their shared ancestry. In certain cultures, second cousins may be permitted to marry, while other societies may have cultural taboos against marrying individuals deemed "too closely" related.
The word "second cousins" is derived from the Middle English word "cosin", which originally meant "a relative" or "a kinsman". It comes from the Old French word "cousin", meaning "a relation". The term "second" is added to indicate the generation difference between individuals who share a common great-grandparent. So, "second cousins" refers to individuals who share the same great-grandparents but are not siblings themselves.