Seal distemper viruses refer to a group of viruses that primarily affect seals and can cause a serious viral infection known as distemper. These viruses belong to the family Phocine distemper virus (PDV) and are commonly found in the marine environment, particularly among seal populations.
Seal distemper viruses are characterized by their ability to infect the respiratory and nervous systems of affected seals, leading to a wide range of clinical signs and symptoms. These can include fever, coughing, sneezing, nasal and ocular discharge, reduced appetite, lethargy, and ultimately, death in severe cases. The viruses can also cause neurological symptoms such as seizures and tremors.
The transmission of seal distemper viruses occurs through direct contact between infected and susceptible seals, as the virus is shed in bodily secretions such as respiratory droplets. It can also be spread indirectly through fomites, such as contaminated water or surfaces. Furthermore, the virus can be carried by other marine mammals or birds, acting as potential reservoirs or vectors.
Efforts to monitor and control seal distemper viruses involve surveillance of seal populations, particularly during periods of increased morbidity and mortality. Quarantine measures, vaccination campaigns, and targeted culling may be implemented to manage outbreaks and prevent the further spread of the virus. Additionally, public awareness and education about the risks of seal distemper viruses can help minimize human activities that may contribute to the transmission of the virus.
