Sea adder, also known as common adder or European adder, is a venomous snake species classified under the Viperidae family. Its scientific name is Vipera berus. The sea adder is native to various regions of Europe, including forests, grasslands, and heathlands, and it is known to inhabit lowland areas along the coast, hence the name "sea adder."
Size-wise, sea adders usually measure between 50 to 70 centimeters in length, with females being slightly longer than males. They have a stocky build, and their coloration varies significantly, typically consisting of a combination of browns, grays, and blacks, which helps to camouflage them in their natural habitats. Sea adders are characterized by a distinctive zigzag pattern running down their backs, which varies in intensity and shape among individuals.
Like other vipers, sea adders possess venom glands and hinged fangs located at the front of their upper jaw, which they use to inject venom into their prey. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and occasionally reptiles. Sea adders are ovoviviparous, meaning that they give birth to live young after the eggs hatch internally.
Despite their venomous nature, sea adders are generally not aggressive and prefer to retreat when encountered by humans; however, they will bite if they feel threatened or cornered. Sea adder bites can cause painful swelling and, although rarely fatal to humans, medical treatment should be sought immediately. Nonetheless, these snakes play an important role in the ecosystem as predators, helping to control populations of small mammals and other prey species.
