Pronunciation: [skjˈuːtəm] (IPA) 
Scutum is a Latin word that refers to a type of shield. In IPA phonetic transcription, its spelling would be /ˈsku.tum/ with the stress on the first syllable. The "s" is pronounced as /sk/ blend, followed by the short vowel sound of /u/. The "c" is pronounced as /k/ sound and the "u" as /u/ sound. Finally, the "tum" ending is pronounced as /tum/ with the secondary stress on the second syllable.
Scutum is a noun that refers to a Roman ancient shield or a large-sized shield found in different cultures. The word originated from Latin, where it translates to "a shield." In the context of Roman history, the scutum was the primary shield used by Roman soldiers during warfare and battles.
The scutum was known for its distinct curved rectangular shape, with a rounded top and flat bottom. It was commonly made from wooden frames covered with layers of leather, which provided protection against arrows, spears, and other projectiles. The outer leather covering was often reinforced with metal edging or rivets to increase its durability. Additionally, it featured a central metal boss, or umbo, that provided extra protection by deflecting enemy strikes.
In battle formations, soldiers would interlock their shields side by side, forming the well-known Roman military formation called the "tortoise" or "testudo." This formation provided a formidable defensive wall that protected soldiers from enemy projectiles and attacks.
Outside the context of ancient Rome, scutum can also refer to large-sized shields used in other cultures or historical periods. These shields may differ in design and construction materials but generally share the purpose of protecting the body from harm during combat or military engagements.
Overall, scutum encompasses the historical significance and iconic image of the Roman shield, symbolizing the strength, organization, and defensive tactics of the ancient Roman military.
1. A scute. 2. The thyroid gland. 3. The patella.
A practical medical dictionary. By Stedman, Thomas Lathrop. Published 1920.
A shield or buckler.
Etymological and pronouncing dictionary of the English language. By Stormonth, James, Phelp, P. H. Published 1874.
The word "Scutum" is an Latin noun that means "shield" or "buckler". Its etymology can be traced back to the Proto-Indo-European root *skeu- or *skei-, which means "to cover" or "to hide". From the Proto-Indo-European root, the word evolved into the Proto-Italic word *sweitos and eventually into the Latin word "Scutum". This Latin word was later borrowed into various Romance languages, such as Spanish "escudo" and Italian "scudo", all of which still mean "shield" today.
