The phrase "scratches the surface" refers to only touching the surface level of a topic or issue. It is spelled as /ˈskrætʃɪz ðə ˈsɜːfɪs/, with the stress on the first syllable of "scratches" and the second syllable of "surface." The "scratches" sound is spelled with the letter "s" followed by the "k" sound spelled with "cr." The "surface" sound is spelled with the letter "s" followed by "ur," then "fa," and "s."
To "scratch the surface" is an idiomatic expression that refers to an incomplete or superficial understanding or exploration of a particular topic, issue, or subject. This expression implies that only a shallow or cursory examination has taken place, leading to limited insights or knowledge about the matter at hand.
Similar to the idea of lightly scraping the surface of an object, this phrase suggests that one has barely made a dent or penetrated the outermost layer, leaving much unexplored or undiscovered. It indicates that the speaker or individual involved has only touched upon the most basic or obvious aspects of the subject, without delving into its intricacies, complexities, or deeper layers.
When someone merely scratches the surface, they might have gained a fundamental understanding of a topic or obtained a general grasp of its rudimentary features. However, they lack a profound comprehension or intimate familiarity with the details or nuances that reside beneath the superficial level. It implies that there is still a wealth of information, intricacies, or complexities left unexplored, and the individual or conversation has not reached a sufficient depth or level of analysis.
Therefore, to "scratch the surface" is to initiate an entry into a subject matter but not extensively delve into its intricacies, leaving the exploration incomplete or unsatisfactory.