Scollard Formation is a geological term that refers to a specific rock formation found in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin, predominantly in Alberta, Canada. It is named after the Scollard region, located in eastern Alberta.
The Scollard Formation is a significant unit of sedimentary rock dating back to the Late Cretaceous period, approximately 70 to 73 million years ago. It is a part of the Drumheller coal zone and is composed mainly of sandstone and shale layers, with intermittent coal seams. This formation is known for its rich fossil content, particularly fossils of plants, marine organisms, and dinosaur remains, making it an essential site for paleontological studies.
The typical characteristics of the Scollard Formation include its stratification, where alternating layers of sandstone and shale are present. These rocks were primarily deposited in freshwater or marginal marine environments such as swamps, rivers, and deltas. The shale layers often contain organic matter that has undergone decomposition and coalification, forming coal seams of varying thicknesses.
The Scollard Formation holds significant importance in understanding the ancient ecosystems and climatic conditions of the Late Cretaceous period. It provides valuable insights into the flora and fauna that once inhabited the region and enhances our knowledge of evolutionary processes during that time.
Overall, the Scollard Formation is a geologically significant rock unit that preserves a remarkable fossil record from the Late Cretaceous period and plays a crucial role in paleontological research in western Canada.
