Scleronychia is a medical term that refers to a condition characterized by thickening, hardening, or brittleness of the fingernails or toenails. It is derived from the Greek words "skleros," meaning hard, and "onychia," which pertains to the nails. Scleronychia can affect individuals of any age and can be a primary or secondary condition.
In primary scleronychia, the nail abnormalities occur without any underlying cause and can be inherited or idiopathic. It is often associated with systemic diseases such as psoriasis, osteoporosis, or Raynaud's disease. On the other hand, secondary scleronychia is caused by an underlying medical condition or external factors like trauma, excessive exposure to harmful chemicals, or repetitive use of tools.
The hallmark signs of scleronychia include thickening and hardening of the nails, which may appear yellow or white. The nails may become brittle, making them prone to cracking, splitting, or breaking. In more severe cases, deformities such as spoon-shaped nails or "pincer nails" may be present.
Diagnosis of scleronychia usually involves a physical examination and medical history assessment. Additional tests such as blood tests, nail clippings analysis, or imaging studies may be necessary to determine the underlying cause.
Treatment of scleronychia aims to manage the underlying cause and alleviate the symptoms. This may involve the use of moisturizers or topical medications to improve nail flexibility and hydration. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be required to correct nail deformities.
Overall, scleronychia is a condition characterized by thickened, hardened, and brittle nails that can be caused by various underlying factors. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management can help improve nail health and prevent further
