Scleroderma is a chronic, autoimmune connective tissue disorder characterized by the abnormal thickening and hardening of the skin and internal organs. Also known as systemic sclerosis, it is a rare condition that affects the production and deposition of collagen, a protein that provides structure and support to the body's tissues.
In scleroderma, the excessive accumulation of collagen leads to the tightening and stiffening of the skin, resulting in a glossy, tight appearance. This can cause difficulty in movement and flexibility, in addition to affecting the function of various organs such as the lungs, heart, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract. Internal symptoms may include difficulty swallowing, heartburn, shortness of breath, and joint pain.
The exact cause of scleroderma remains unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The immune system's overactivity plays a significant role in the development of scleroderma, with the accumulation of collagen attributed to an immune response gone awry.
The condition can vary widely in its severity and manifestations, with two main forms: limited cutaneous scleroderma, which typically affects the skin on the fingers, hands, face, and forearms, and diffuse cutaneous scleroderma, which can involve widespread skin thickening and organ involvement. Although there is no cure for scleroderma, treatment focuses on managing symptoms, preventing complications, and improving quality of life. This may involve medication, physical therapy, lung and heart protection measures, and psychological support.
