Sclera diseases refer to a group of pathological conditions that affect the sclera, which is the tough, white, outer layer of the eyeball. The sclera serves as a protective covering for the delicate structures within the eye and helps maintain its shape and integrity.
One common sclera disease is scleritis, which is an inflammation of the sclera. This condition is often characterized by severe eye pain, redness, and reduced visual acuity. Scleritis can be associated with various underlying causes, such as autoimmune disorders, infection, or systemic diseases.
Another condition affecting the sclera is pterygium, which involves the growth of a fleshy, non-cancerous tissue over the sclera. Pterygium usually develops due to long-term exposure to ultraviolet radiation or other environmental factors. It can cause symptoms such as redness, irritation, and blurred vision. In more advanced cases, pterygium may extend onto the cornea and affect visual function.
Scleromalacia perforans is a rare sclera disease characterized by thinning and necrosis of the sclera without significant inflammation. This condition is often associated with rheumatoid arthritis or other connective tissue disorders.
Diagnosis of sclera diseases is typically made through a comprehensive eye examination, including a thorough medical history and evaluation of symptoms. Treatment options depend on the specific disease and may range from the use of anti-inflammatory medications, such as corticosteroids, to surgical intervention in more severe cases.
Early detection and appropriate management of sclera diseases are crucial to prevent complications and preserve vision. Regular eye exams and prompt medical attention when experiencing eye symptoms are essential for maintaining eye health.
