Scarlet tanager is a North American songbird species with a striking red and black plumage. The spelling of this bird's name can be explained using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) transcription. The first syllable of "scarlet" is pronounced with an /sk/ sound followed by the short /æ/ vowel sound. The second syllable is pronounced with a short /r/ sound followed by a long /ɛ/ vowel sound. "Tanager" is pronounced with a stressed /tæn/ syllable followed by a short /dʒər/ sound. When spoken together, scarlet tanager sounds like "SKAHR-lit TAN-uh-jer".
The scarlet tanager is a species of North American bird known for its vibrant plumage and distinctive song. It is classified as Piranga olivacea and belongs to the cardinal family, Cardinalidae.
The adult male scarlet tanager is known for its stunning appearance, which includes a bright scarlet red body with black wings and tail. Its head is also black, contrasting sharply with the fiery red plumage. While the female has a more subdued appearance, with olive-green feathers on the upperparts and yellowish underparts, the scarlet tanager is still notable for its overall beauty.
These birds inhabit deciduous forests across eastern North America during the summer months, where they can be found perched high in the tree canopy. They primarily feed on insects, including beetles, ants, and wasps, which they capture by gleaning from foliage or catching in mid-air.
The song of the scarlet tanager is another distinguishing feature – a series of short, high-pitched musical notes that are often described as sounding like a robin with a sore throat. This song is primarily heard during the breeding season as males defend their territory and attract mates.
During the fall, the scarlet tanagers migrate to their wintering grounds in South America, particularly the Andes Mountains. This long-distance migration, spanning thousands of miles, is a remarkable feat for these birds.
Due to habitat loss and deforestation, scarlet tanagers have faced decline in numbers in certain areas. As a result, efforts are being made to conserve their habitats and enhance their chances of survival.
The etymology of the word "scarlet tanager" can be understood by breaking down its components:
1. Scarlet: The word "scarlet" originated from the Old French word "escarlate", which was derived from the Medieval Latin word "scarlatum". This Latin term referred to a bright red or crimson color. The origin of "scarlatum" is uncertain, but it may have been influenced by Arabic words for "red" or the Persian word "siklat", which means "fine cloth".
2. Tanager: The word "tanager" has its roots in the Middle French word "tangara" or "tanagre". Initially, this term referred to tropical, brilliantly colored birds found in the Americas. "Tangara" itself originated from the Tupi-Guarani language spoken by Indigenous peoples in South America.