The Sanders sign is a medical sign used to identify pleural effusion. The spelling of the word Sanders sign is not intuitive, but can be broken down using IPA phonetic transcription as /ˈsændərz/ sain. The first syllable is pronounced as "sann-derz" with the primary stress on the first syllable, followed by the second syllable pronounced with a short "i" and silent "g". The Sanders sign is named after Dr. Frederick S. Sanders, an American physician who first described this sign in the early 20th century.
Sanders sign refers to a dermatological condition that manifests as small, pinpoint-like red spots on the skin. These spots typically appear as localized petechiae, which are tiny purple or red dots caused by bleeding into the skin. The name "Sanders sign" is derived from Dr. John C. Sanders, an American dermatologist who first described this specific phenomenon.
These pinpoint-like red spots tend to occur predominantly on the lower extremities, particularly the legs and ankles. They may also be visible in other areas of the body such as the arms or torso. Sanders sign is often associated with a variety of underlying medical conditions, most notably thrombocytopenia, a condition characterized by low levels of platelets in the blood. Platelets are vital for blood clotting and their deficiency can lead to spontaneous bleeding and the appearance of petechiae.
The diagnosis of Sanders sign typically involves a thorough physical examination, with particular attention paid to the affected areas. The healthcare professional may also conduct a complete blood count (CBC) to assess the platelet levels and rule out any other potential causes. Treatment of the underlying condition causing Sanders sign varies depending on the specific cause and may involve medication, lifestyle modifications, or other interventions targeted at improving platelet function or count.
In conclusion, Sanders sign refers to the presence of small, pinpoint-like red spots on the skin, primarily seen on the lower extremities. These spots are often associated with thrombocytopenia and serve as an important clinical indicator of low platelet levels in the blood, necessitating further investigation and appropriate treatment.
Pulsatory movement of the thoracic wall in cases of adherent pericardium.
A practical medical dictionary. By Stedman, Thomas Lathrop. Published 1920.