Salivary gland calculi, also commonly referred to as salivary stones or sialoliths, are mineralized deposits that form within the salivary glands. These calculi are made up of substances such as calcium, phosphate, and other minerals, and can range in size from tiny grains to larger, visible masses.
Salivary gland calculi can develop in any of the major salivary glands, including the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. They are caused by the accumulation and hardening of saliva components within the ducts or the gland itself. This buildup can occur due to various factors, such as dehydration, poor oral hygiene, reduced saliva flow, or an abnormality within the gland ducts.
The presence of salivary stones can lead to a blockage of the salivary ducts, preventing the normal flow of saliva into the mouth. This can result in symptoms such as localized pain, swelling, and tenderness in the affected gland. Additionally, patients may experience difficulty in opening their mouth, trouble swallowing, dry mouth, or even infection if the duct becomes obstructed and saliva backs up within the gland.
Treatment for salivary gland calculi often involves conservative measures, such as drinking plenty of fluids, massaging the affected gland, and sucking on sour candies to stimulate saliva flow. Small calculi may eventually pass out of the gland on their own. However, larger or persistent stones may require medical intervention, including methods like salivary gland duct dilation, use of ultrasound to break up the stone, or surgical removal of the stone or the entire gland.
